Where the pulp (where the nerve, artery and all the other living bits which brought the tooth into being) in the middle of the tooth becomes irreparably damaged, or when it has died, it has to be removed.
The canal is cleaned, rounded and widened, then sterilized, before being filled. The tooth can then be restored normally.
Many teeth have more than one canal, each canal being treated singly.
Some teeth have lateral canals, usually very difficult to treat. A badly infected root may be treated with a powerful agent first.
Endodontics can be a very demanding branch of dentistry. It often requires an inordinate amount of time, so it can be a real nuisance in the general dental practice.
Some root treatments, with lateral canals or perforations, or previous failures, or extremely important teeth, are referred to an endodontic specialist. Most root treatments are carried out in the practice.
Root treatments - Endodontics